Popular Documents: Specification Sheet (PDF) You have selected the … Richard P. Pohanish, in Sittig's Handbook of Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals (Second Edition), 2015, Benzoic acid, 2-[((((4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl]-, methyl ester; Benzoic acid, o-[(3-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)ureido)sulfonyl]-, methyl ester; Methyl 2-[((((4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino)carbonyl)amino) sulfonyl]benzoate; Sulfometuron methyl; Methyl 2-[((((4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino)carbonyl)amino) sulfonyl]benzoate, Philip R. Ashurst, Robert Hargitt, in Soft Drink and Fruit Juice Problems Solved, 2009. Lethal dose for cats can be as low as 300 mg/kg body weight. [36], In Taipei, Taiwan, a city health survey in 2010 found that 30% of dried and pickled food products had benzoic acid. Benzoic acid retards the growth of yeast and moulds, the effective agent being the undissociated acid. Table 9.3. It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. Synonyms. The second generation was observed through its entire life cycle and the third and fourth generations were examined by autopsy. BENZENECARBOXYLIC ACID, BENZENEFORMIC ACID, BENZENEMETHANOIC ACID, BENZOIC ACID, BENZOIC ACID,, CARBOXYBENZENE, DRACYCLIC ACID, PHENYLCARBOXYLIC ACID, and PHENYLFORMIC ACID Benzoic acid preservative prevents or delays nutritional losses due to microbiological, enzymatic, or chemical changes of foods … Benzoate also specifically inhibits amino acid uptake and certain enzymes within the cell: alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase and lipase. When benzoic acid (80 mg/kg body weight) and sodium bisulfate (160 mg/kg body weight) or their mixture (benzoic acid/sodim bisulfate = 80 mg/160 mg) were fed to mice for 10 weeks, the death rate was 66% from the mixture and 32% from benzoic acid alone. Linear Formula C 6 H 5 COOH . BA has inhibitory effects on the proliferation of bacteria and yeasts, a major cause of food spoilage. The avoidance of organic solvents for the recrystallization makes this experiment particularly safe. The rest forms a glucuronide, 1-benzoylglucuronic acid. Benzoic acid (BA) is a commonly used antimicrobial preservative in food and beverages, especially in carbonated beverages, as it presents its strongest antibacterial activity at pH 2.5–4.0. sodium benzoate is 180 times as soluble in water at 25°c as benzoic acid. Roger Wood, ... Pauline Key, in Analytical Methods for Food Additives, 2004. Preservatives have rarely been shown to cause true allergenic (immunological) reactions. Benzoic acid is a plant polyphenol and a natural aromatic acid used in a wide variety of cosmetics as a pH adjuster and preservative 1.Benzyl Alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid in the body. Iris J. Joye, in Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry, 2019. The efficacy of benzoic acid and benzoate is thus dependent on the pH of the food. The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. It is necessary to use preservatives in some soft drinks to ensure the safety of the product by protecting it from spoilage micro-organisms. When it is used, the amount is usually ≤0.1%. Molecular Weight: 122.12 . Benzoic acid is most commonly found in industrial settings to manufacture a wide variety of products such as perfumes, dyes, topical medications and insect repellents. Benzoic acid is a naturally occurring and synthetically produced substance; it is used in food and cosmetics as a preservative. Flavis number 8.021 . 1 – 11 of 11 Results Linear Formula: C 6 H 5 COOH. Next to its natural occurrence in food, benzoic acid and its derivatives are also commonly supplemented as antibacterial and –fungal preservatives or flavoring agents (Del Olmo et al., 2017). The method was implemented in a successful way for determining BA in carbonated drink samples as high consistency was linked with the results with those utilizing high performance liquid chromatography, indicating that it is a speedy method for the identification of BA in carbonated drinks. Benzoic acid is a colorless crystal solid that can reduce the energy of the surface in a reaction. It is still widely used today for a large number of foods. (1997) treated ionomer films with alkali. [45] The oral LD50 for rats is 3040 mg/kg, for mice it is 1940–2263 mg/kg. Reactions typical for carboxylic acids apply also to benzoic acid. It is used in carbonated and still beverages, syrups, fruit salads, icings, jams, jellies, preserves, salted margarine, mincemeat, pickles and relishes, pie, pastry fillings, prepared salads, fruit cocktail, soy sauce, and caviar. Glass Bottle; 30g. Benzoic acid, added as either its sodium or its potassium salt, is a preservative permitted in the United Kingdom by the Miscellaneous Additives in Food Regulations 1995. Benzoic acid (E210 or INS210, Table 2), a colorless aromatic carboxylic acid (Fig. Benzoic acid is known to cause oral prickling, to increase the perception of sweetness, to reduce sourness and saltiness perception and to strongly suppress the perception of bitterness (Otero-Losada, 2003). Jakob Søltoft-Jensen, Flemming Hansen, in Emerging Technologies for Food Processing, 2005. Benzoic acid has been widely tested (see 2.6.6) and accepted as safe by the European Union and United Kingdom authorities. C10H10O4. MDL number: MFCD00002398. Benzoic acid, a white, crystalline organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids, widely used as a food preservative and in the manufacture of various cosmetics, dyes, plastics, and insect repellents.. First described in the 16th century, benzoic acid exists in many plants; it makes up about 20 percent of gum … The metabolic breakdown pathways of benzoic acid. However, as for sorbic and propionic acid, benzoic acid has a certain antimicrobial activity in the dissociated form (Chipley, 1993). Tiny pieces of silica gel substrate were placed in an uncomplicated device that is made at home for conducting the TFME process and then determination of the BA content was done with the help of SERS after dropping colloidal gold onto the substrate. Benzoic acid is a precursor to benzoyl chloride, C6H5C(O)Cl by treatment with thionyl chloride, phosgene or one of the chlorides of phosphorus. Information on maximum allowed limits of benzoic acid and its salt as food additives can be found in the Codex Alimentarius (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, 2017). Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. Alternatively these species arise by treatment of benzoyl chloride with the diol. It is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. Its salts are used as a food preservative and it is an important precursor for the synthesis of many other organic substances. The lower aliphatic esters of benzoic acid are first hydrolyzed by esterase, which abounds in the intestinal wall and liver. Benzoic acid's most common uses are in carbonated beverages, pickles, sauces, and jelly. Benzoic acid is also utilized in fruit juices and other acid products for its antimicrobial activity, for example, in passion fruit juice; From: Preservatives and Preservation Approaches in Beverages, 2019, V.N. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012816685700001X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080925776500149, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128094341000074, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005965215825, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781855737228500104, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780981893600500135, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126767575500177, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455731480000194, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781845693268500025, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128147009000030, Preservatives and Preservation Approaches in Beverages, 2019, Preservatives in Beverages: Perception and Needs, Preservatives and Preservation Approaches in Beverages, Takayuki Shibamoto, Leonard F. Bjeldanes, in, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, 2017, Jakob Søltoft-Jensen, Flemming Hansen, in, Emerging Technologies for Food Processing, Sittig's Handbook of Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals (Second Edition), Ingredients in soft drinks and fruit juices, Soft Drink and Fruit Juice Problems Solved, Herbs and aromatic plants as feed additives. In vivo, the salt is converted to acid, which is the more toxic form. The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to benzoic acid with hydrochloric acid. Benzoate acts essentially as a mould and yeast inhibitor in high acid foods and the poor activity at pH values above 4.0 limits its use against bacteria. Paraben esters have antimicrobial activity against molds and yeasts and are used in beer, soft drinks, and olives. The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. The benzoic acid levels in raw cow's milk cheese ripened for 6 months can be as high as 250 mg/kg (Del Olmo et al., 2017). For this reason, benzoic acid for human consumption was obtained by dry distillation of gum benzoin. The sodium salt is preferred because of the low aqueous solubility of the free acid. The effect results from greater permeability of the unionized form into microorganisms. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. Among animals, benzoic acid has been identified primarily in omnivorous or phytophageous species, e.g., in viscera and muscles of the rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) as well as in gland secretions of male muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) or Asian bull elephants (Elephas maximus). Benzyl alcohol[21][22] and benzyl chloride and virtually all benzyl derivatives are readily oxidized to benzoic acid. Consequently, it was useful to develop a convenient and effective method to detect BA (Chen et al., 2010). Molecular Formula. [36] Gum benzoin contains up to 20% of benzoic acid and 40% benzoic acid esters. 7.1D). Benzoic acid works as a preservative in the undissociated form only. In 1875 Salkowski discovered the antifungal abilities of benzoic acid, which was used for a long time in the preservation of benzoate-containing cloudberry fruits.[12]. Takayuki Shibamoto, Leonard F. Bjeldanes, in Introduction to Food Toxicology, 1993. The resulting release of benzoic acid inhibited Penicillium and Aspergillus in microbial media. Individual local authorities may have their own specific reasons for not wishing to purchase drinks containing benzoic acid. Ripe fruits of several Vaccinium species (e.g., cranberry, V. vitis macrocarpon; bilberry, V. myrtillus) contain as much as 0.03–0.13% free benzoic acid. Such products have a long history of use as topical antiseptics and inhalant decongestants. Sulphur dioxide is of similar concern because of adverse reaction but it is now not used in ready-to-drink products that are likely to be purchased by local authorities. The pK of benzoic acid is rather low (pK 4.20), so its main antimicrobial effect, due to the undissociated acid, will be for high acid foods such as ciders, soft drinks and dressings. Is usually ≤0.1 % gives a yield of around 65 % [ 14 ] a! Density of this compound is gathered from the castor sacs of the North American beaver acceptable daily intake ADI! Water because of a potential reaction that converts it to benzene at low pH and antiseptic the! Acid, C6H5COOH, is a toxic and carcinogenic compound, the anaerobic of... Cyclohexanol, which abounds in the early 20th century. [ 40 ] as benzoates calorimeter! In terms of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in water. 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